Skin Cancer Treatment

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, most often caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It is the most common type of cancer in the United States, and early detection is key to successful treatment. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common kind of skin cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. The rarest kinds are Merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous lymphomas.

What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common kind of skin cancer, usually caused by long-term sun exposure. It often appears as a skin-colored, pearly bump or a pink patch/ sore that does not heal. It is most common on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck, and scalp. BCC grows slowly and rarely metastasizes; however, if left untreated, it can cause significant damage to the surrounding tissue. 

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common kind of cancer, and like BCC, is caused by chronic sun exposure. It often appears as a red, scaly patch, a firm bump, or a sore that crusts, bleeds, and doesn’t heal. It is most common on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms. Unlike BCC, SCC has a greater risk of spreading if not treated promptly.

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer because it can spread quickly to other parts of the body. It often begins as a new or changing mole, and often presents as a dark brown or black spot, although it can appear pink, red, skin-toned, or colorless (amelanotic melanoma). An atypical nevus, an unusual-looking mole with irregular borders or multiple colors, can sometimes serve as a warning sign or precursor to melanoma. Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, even in areas not commonly exposed to the sun. 

Who is at Risk of Developing Skin Cancer?

Anyone can develop skin cancer, but older people with fair skin, light hair, light eyes, and who burn easily in the sun are more susceptible. A history of frequent sun exposure, tanning bed use, or sunburns also increases a person’s risk for skin cancer. Moreover, individuals with a family history of skin cancer, other kinds of cancers (like pancreatic), a weakened immune system, or numerous or atypical moles should be particularly cautious.

Treatments for Skin Cancer

Most dermatologists or skin cancer specialists can diagnose and treat common forms of skin cancer in-office, especially BCCs and SCCs. If the lesion appears suspicious or advanced, a biopsy is typically performed to confirm a diagnosis. Common treatment options include:

  • Excisional Surgery: The tumor is surgically removed along the margin of healthy tissue to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated.
  • MOHS surgery: A highly precise technique where skin layers are removed and examined one at a time until no cancer cells remain. Commonly used for BCC and SCC, especially on cosmetically sensitive areas like the face.
  • Cryosurgery: Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy superficial skin cancers.
  • Curretage and Electrodessication: The cancer is scraped off, and the area is treated with an electric current to kill remaining cancer cells.
  • Topical Medications: Creams such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or imiquimod may be used for superficial BCCs or SCCs.
  • Radiation Therapy: Often used for patients who cannot undergo surgery or for cancers in difficult-to-treat areas.
  • Immunotherapy: For advanced or metastatic melanoma, medications may be used to target specific genetic mutations or boost the immune system to fight cancer.

Annual Exams for Skin Cancer
Annual skin exams are a crucial part of detecting skin cancer early. A dermatologist will carefully examine your skin for any suspicious moles, spots, or changes that could indicate skin cancer. Early detection is crucial to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of more serious complications.

Prevent Skin Cancer with Early Checks
For more information about skin cancer and other medical treatments, contact us, and we will schedule an appointment for you. By seeing Dr. Schiffman in Miami for regular check-ups, skin cancers can be caught at their earliest, most treatable stages. Regularly wear sunscreen and protect your skin to help reduce your chances of skin cancer.

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